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What makes a person a scientist？ （是什么使一个人成为科学家？)Does he have ways or tool

What makes a person a scientist？ (是什么使一个人成为科学家？)Does he have ways or toolsof learning that are different from those of others？ The ans wer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at onetime must work under the same must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reasonthat investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested throughinvestigations, and Einstein ’idesas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools formeasurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

1、What makes a scientist according to the passage？()

A.The tools he uses.

B.The way he uses his tools.

C.His ways of learning.

D.The various tools he uses.

2、The underlined part in the passage shows().

A.the importance of information

B.the importance of thinking

C.the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D.the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs

3、A sound scientific theory should be one that() .

A.works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times

B.does not allow any changes even under different conditions

C.can be used for many purposes

D.leaves no room for improvement

4、The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate ().

A.that measurements are keys to success in science

B.that accuracy of mathematics

C.that investigations are important in science

D.that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations

5、What is the main idea of the passage？()

A.The theory of relativity.

B.Exactness is the core of science.

C.Scientists are different from ordinary people.

D.Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

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更多“What makes a person a scientis…”相关的问题
第1题
Keeping eye contact makes the other person（)welcome and comfortable.A. feelB. to feelC

Keeping eye contact makes the other person()welcome and comfortable.

A. feel

B. to feel

C. feeling

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第2题
Proper street behavior. in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inat
tention. You are supposed to look at a 【21】______ just enough to show that you're 【22】______ of his presence. If you look too little, you appear arrogant or furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的), too much, 【23】______ you're inquisitive. Usually what happens is that people 【24】______ each other until they are about eight feet 【25】______ , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Dr. Erving Goffman 【26】______ this as "a kind of dimming of lights."

Much of eye behavior. is so 【27】______ that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a 【28】______ with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. 【29】______ are he looks at you more often than is usual with 【30】______ a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign of a polite one 【31】______ he is interested in you as a person 【32】______ just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both 【33】______ and sincere.

All this has been demonstrated in elaborate 【34】______ . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist's laboratory, 【35】______ of the fact that their eye behavior. is being 【36】______ from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, 【37】______ were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were 【38】______ and observed. It was found that those who had 【39】______ met the interviewer's eyes less often than was 【40】______ , an indication that "shifty eyes" to use the mystery writers' stock phrase can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt.

【21】

A．friend

B．foreigner

C．passerby

D．stranger

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第3题
根据短文的内容回答，下列题目 How We Form. First Impression（1) We all have first impressio

根据短文的内容回答，下列题目

How We Form. First Impression

(1) We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why？ Why do we form. an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her--aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.

(2) The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person&39;s eyes, ears,nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously process incoming sensory information——the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals "mean".

(3) If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says "familiar and safe". If you see someone new, it says, "new-potentially, threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other "known" memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity,gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, "This is new. I don&39;t like this person." Or else, "I&39;m intrigued." Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures--like your other friends; so your brain says: "I like this person." But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong.

(4) When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form. of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.

Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people--their history, interest, values,strengths, and true character--we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.

(5) However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person&39;s character, we use a different, more mature style. of thinking——and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.

Paragraph 2 __________ 查看材料

A.Ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions

B.Comment on first impression

C.Illustration of first impression

D.Comparing incoming sensory information against memories

E.Threatening aspect of first impressions

F.Differences among Jocks， Geeks and Freaks

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第4题
Nonverbal （非语言的) communication has to do with gestures, movements andcloseness of two

Nonverbal (非语言的) communication has to do with gestures, movements and closeness of two people when they are talking. (78) The scientists say that those gestures, movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.

For example, the body distance between two speakers can be important. North Americans often complain that South Americans are unfriendly because they tend to stand close to the North American when speaking, while the South American often considers the North American to be "cold" or "distant" because he keeps a greater distance between himself and the person he is speaking to. The "eye contact" provides another example of what we are calling nonverbal communication. Scientists have observed that there is more eye contact between people who like each other than there is between people who don't like each other. (79) The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indicates the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.

On the other hand, too long a gaze can make people uncomfortable. The eyes apparently play a great part in nonverbal communication. Genuine warmth or interest, shyness or confidence can often be seen in the eyes. We do not always consider a smile to be a sign of friendliness. Someone who is always smiling,and with little apparent reasons, often makes us uneasy.

According to the passage, nonverbal communication ______.

A．is a method often used by people who cannot speak

B．can tell something that words cannot

C．can be used to talk with people who cannot hear

D．is less used than words

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第5题
阅读理解： 根据文章内容， 完成选择题。 （共 50 分）

Lilian Hanson, a college students, expects to graduate in about two years. What makes Mrs. Hanson different from her classmates is her age—73 years. She has been studying at college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years.

When Lilian Hanson graduated from high school, she went to the bank to borrow money for the further education. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn' t think that a country girl should borrow money to go to college. He thought she should be at home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Lilian Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college. Mrs. Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children were grown, she tried again. She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age is to sit in class for long periods of time. Because she is not as quick as she used to be, Mrs. Hanson often gets up and walks around classes to keep from getting stiff (僵硬) . At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all stood up to give her a warm welcome when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her aims were.?

（1）Mrs. Hanson couldn' t go to college immediately after she graduated from high school because （）.

A. she hadn' t got enough money

B. she was a country girl

C. the banker ordered her not to borrow money

（2）Mrs. Hanson wanted to borrow money from the bank （）.

A. to support her family

B. because she was 73 years old

C. to further her education at college

（3） In the college, what makes Mrs. Hanson different from her classmates is （）.

A. the fact that she is poor

B. that she has a family of nine children

C. that she is 73 years old

（4）The computer students welcome Mrs. Hanson warmly because （）.

A. she had got an excellent result in the exam

B. she was good at telling funny stories

C. they were deeply moved by her spirit

（5） Mrs. Hanson is the sort of person who （）.

A. cares for study very much

B. likes to borrow money from the bank

C. tries to save money for her family.

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第6题
Movie fans know that their action hero Superman does not really fly.And,in the movie Superman Returns,another visual trick is played on viewers.The man they see flying is not real.He is what is called a virtual actor.The first step in creating this digital actor is to have a real person stand in a room called a light stage.A computer then captures the outlines and shapes of his face and records how they throw off light .Paul Debevec is with the Institute for Creative Technologies at the University of Southern California.

“We can light them with very specially computer-controlled illumination(照明)and take photos of them from seven different viewpoints with high quality digital still cameras.”

Mr.Debevec is part of a team working to create computerized images of people,objects and environments that look and act real.The light stage permits actors to be turned into digital versions of themselves much like the blue creatures in the movie Avatar.The real world could soon be using a similar technology.Computer experts at the Institute are developing a 3-D video teleconferencing system.It would send a video image of a person into a meeting room.That image would be able to work with the people in the room,who would see it in 3-D without special eyeglasses.Paul Debevec says:

“The person who is being transmitted to a remote location can actually look around at the people in the room and everybody in that room knows who they’re looking at .And that’s such a fundamental part of human communication.”

He believes the business world will begin to use3-D video teleconferencing in the next five years.”It’s also a medium with which young people today are particularly comfortable,”he said.A demonstration of an interaction between an earthquake survivor and students may be possible in a year.In 10 years,we may be able to play 3-D video games without special glasses.

1、Why does the author mention the movies Superman Returns and Avatar in the passage?

A.To compare their different styles.

B.To explain 3-D film-making technology.

C.To attract more readers to watch3-Dfilm.

D.To describe the origin of 3-D film industry.

2、Which of the following shows how a virtual actor is made?

a.a real actor steps inside a light stage.

b.an actor is created into digital version.

c.photos are taken from different aspects.

d.how the actor’s face reflects the light is recorded.

e.a computer makes sure how the actor’s face is filmed.

A.a→e→d→c→

B.a→c→e→d→b

C.a→e→c→f→b

D.e→d→c→a→b

3、What is the author’s attitude towards 3D technology?

A.Cautious.

B.Positive

C.Skeptical

D.Critical.

4、What’s the main idea of the text?

A.3-D goes from movies to real world.

B.3-D film becomes popular worldwide.

C.3-D teleconferencing system comes into being.

D.3-D games without special glasses becomes true.

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第7题
Some expressions describe people who are important or who at least think they are. One suc
h expression is "big wig". In the 17th century, important men in Europe began to wear false hair called wigs. As years passed, wigs began to get bigger. The size of a man's wig depended on how important he was.

The more important he was or thought he was, the bigger the wig he wore. Some wigs were so large that they covered the man's shoulders or back. Today the expression "big wig" is used to make fun of a person who feels important. People never tell someone he is a big wig. They only use the expression behind his back. "Big wheel" is another way to describe an important person. A big wheel may be the head of a company, a political leader, a famous movie star. They are big wheels because they are powerful. What they do affects many people. Big wheel gives the orders and other people carry them out.

As in many machines, a big wheel makes the little wheel turn. "Big wheel" became a popular expression after World War Ⅱ. It probably comes from an expression used for many Years by people who fit parts of the cars and trucks. They said a person whirled a big wheel if he was important or had influence.

The top of something is the highest part of something. So it is not surprising that top is part of another expression that describes an important person. The expression is "top banana". A top banana is the leading person in a comedy show.

The funniest comedian is called the "top banana". The next is second banana, and so on. Why a "banana"？ A comedy act in earlier days often included the part where one of the comedians would hit others over the head with a soft object. The object was shaped like the yellow food — the banana. "Top banana" is still used mainly in show business. Yet the expression can also be used to describe a top person in any area,

A "kingpin" is another word for an important person. The expression comes from the game of bowling. The kingpin is the No. one pin. If it is hit correctly by the bowling ball, the kingpin will make all the other nine pins fall. And that is the object of the game. So the most important person in a project or business is the kingpin. If the kingpin is removed, the project or business is likely to fail. Kingpin is often used to describe an important criminal or the leader of a criminal gang. A newspaper may report, for example, that the police have arrested the suspected kingpin of a car stealing operation.

This passage is mainly about______.

A．important people

B．how to describe important people

C．important expressions

D．expressions for important people

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第8题
I have learned something about myself since I moved from Long Island to Florida three
years ago. Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, an uncontrollable urge wells up to return to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I am a snowbird stuck in reverse. Instead of enjoying Florida’s mild winters, I willingly endure the severe weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.

I’m like a migratory bird that has lost its sense of timing and direction, my wings flapping against season.

So what makes me fly against the tide of snowbirds？ The answer has a lot to do with my reluctance to give up the things that define who I am. Once I hear that the temperature on Long Island has dipped into the range of 40 to 50 degrees, I begin to long for the sight and crackling sound of a wood fire. I also long for the bright display o£ colors — first in the fall trees, and then in the limits around homes and at Rockefeller Center. Floridians decorate too, but can’t create the special feel of a New England winter.

I suppose the biggest reason why I return is to celebrate the holidays with people I haven’t seen in months. What could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey dinner, or watching neighbors’ children excitedly open gifts on Christmas？ Even the first snowfall seems special. I especially enjoy seeing a bright red bird settling on a snow-covered branch (My wife and I spend winters at a retirement community in Ridge, and I’m grateful that I don’t have to shovel.)

While these simple pleasures are not unique to Long Island, they are some of the reasons why I come back. Who says you can’t go home？

(1) What does the underlined word "snowbird" in Paragraph 1 refer to？()

A.A person spending winter in a warmer climate.

B.A bird seen chiefly in winter.

C.A person permanently living in a foreign country.

D.A bird flying to the south in winter.

(2)What’s the difference between Florida and Long Island？()

A.Winters in Long Island are milder.

B.The snowbirds in Long Island are rarer.

C.Weather in Long Island is severer.

D.Long Island is nearer to the ocean.

(3) What did the author miss most when he was in Florida？()

A.The colorful light display.

B.The family gathering.

C.The cold temperature.

D.The winter landscape.

(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？()

A. The author enjoyed living in Florida .

B. The author had a good time in Florida.

C. The author owned a home in Florida.

D. The author did not like mild weather.

(5)What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？()

A.To praise the beauty and warmth of his hometown.

B.To describe his dream to be a free bird.

C.To explain the reasons for moving from his hometown.

D.To express his feeling of missing his hometown.

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第9题
Chris Peterson was teaching a class in psychology at Virginia Tech when he told his st
udents to fill out a carefully designed test that determines a person's level of optimism and pessimism. The students also answered questions about their general heath, including how often they went to a doctor.

Peterson followed the health of his students the following year and discovered that the pessimists had twice as many diseases and made twice as many trips to the doctor as the optimists.

Later, Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and two of his colleagues, using interviews and blood tests, found that optimists have better immune (免疫的) activity than pessimists. Why？ One big factor is that "Pessimistic individuals," as Seligman writes, "get depressed more easily and more often."

When a person is depressed, certain brain hormones (荷尔蒙) become reduced, creating a chain of biochemical (生物化学的) events that end up slowing down the activity of the immune system.

Optimists also look at information in more depth to find out what they can do about the risk factors. In a study by Lisa Aspinwall, at the University of Maryland, subjects read health-related information on cancer and other topics. She discovered that optimists spent more time than pessimists reading the severe risk material and they recommend more of it.

"These are people," says Aspinwall, "who aren't sitting around wishing things were different. They believe in a better outcome, and that whatever measures they take will help them to heal." In other words, instead of having their heads in the clouds, optimistic people look and seek. They aren't afraid to look into the situation because they're optimistic. Thus, for yet another reason, optimists are likely to be healthier.

The best news is what research has shown repeatedly: Anyone can become more optimistic with effort. And every effort you make to keep an optimistic attitude will reward you with a stronger immune system. So you'll enjoy better health.

1. The purpose of these scientific studies is to ________.

A、pick out people who are more optimistic

B、determine a person's level of optimism and pessimism

C、prove pessimistic people get depressed more easily and more often

D、discover to what degree one's health is related to one's attitude in life

2. Seligman's research suggests that ________.

A、optimism helps people become healthier

B、interviews are the main tool used in the research

C、blood tests may not produce exact results

D、one's immune system is controlled by one's thoughts

3. According to the scientists, the reduction of immune activity is basically caused by ________.

A、some uncertain factors.

B、one's worse condition of health

C、one's depressed feeling

D、the change of biochemical events

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A、optimists spend more time on studying and searching

B、pessimists are more concerned with their health

C、we can tell who is a pessimist by observing his reading behavior

D、hormones are something with mysterious effects on the brain

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true？

A、Everyone can develop an optimistic attitude with effort.

B、Pessimists have no hope of making a change in their attitude.

C、Optimists have a stronger immune system.

D、A positive attitude toward life makes us healthier.

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第10题
Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it c
an also spread. A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same. Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.

The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression.

The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends.

For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men.

Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%, or two and a half days.

Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them.

John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.

The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a "protective barrier" against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.

Besides loneliness, which of the following can also spread among people？

A．Friendship.

B．Happiness.

C．Depression.

D．Smoking.

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